Research and Development of Recycling Utilization of Used Refractories: A Review

doi:10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2020.03.007

China's Refractories ›› 2020, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 38-47.DOI: 10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2020.03.007

• Original article • Previous Articles

Research and Development of Recycling Utilization of Used Refractories: A Review

Xiaowen WU, Peng CHI, Bohao CHENG, Yuena ZHANG, Wei SU, Xin MIN, Minghao FANG, Yan’gai LIU, Zhaohui HUANG^*()

Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China

Online:2020-09-15 Published:2020-09-15
Contact: Zhaohui HUANG
About author:WU Xiaowen, born in 1980, obtained his master’s degree and PhD in materials science from Beihang University in 2005 and 2009, respectively. He worked as a visiting scholar in University College London from 2015 to 2016 cooperating with Prof. Mohan Edirisinghe, FREng. So far he has been working in China University of Geosciences (Beijing) for over 11 years after getting his PhD and is doing the research work on the new carbon materials as well as high-performance refractories using natural minerals or industrial solid-waste.

Abstract

Abstract:

Due to the good thermal stability and excellent resistance to slag erosion, used refractories can be recycled as the main raw materials for some refractories. In this article the latest development about used refractories in metallurgical industry has been reviewed, focusing on the results reported in the past decade. The research and reutilization methods of used refractories were discussed. For the research of used refractories, two aspects, the performance and the surface erosion characteristics, were summarized. Then, the advances in research on recycling technology of several main kinds of used refractories, such as MgO-C, Al₂O₃-SiC-C, Al₂O₃-MgO-C, magnesia-chrome, and corundum-spinel refractories were summarized and discussed in detail. Some results of the author’s group were reported accompanied by these comments. The microstructure and the chemical composition were studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectra, and the properties of the refractories were analyzed. Afterwards, the application scope of the materials was determined according to the classification and the analysis of refractories. Finally, the large-scale application of used refractories and an outlook were given to future developments of the entire recycling industry.

Key words: used refractories in metallurgy, erosion characteristics, recycling utilization, magnesia-carbon, corundum-spinel

Xiaowen WU, Peng CHI, Bohao CHENG, Yuena ZHANG, Wei SU, Xin MIN, Minghao FANG, Yan’gai LIU, Zhaohui HUANG. Research and Development of Recycling Utilization of Used Refractories: A Review[J]. China's Refractories, 2020, 29(3): 38-47.

Figures/Tables 8

References 42

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Addition of used brick /mass%	97	97	80	80
MgO /mass%	80	76	80	77
C /mass%	12	14	11	14
Compressive strength /MPa	60	52	60	52
Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	3.04	3.01	3.08	3.04
Apparent porosity /%	3	2	3	2
Hot modulus of rupture /MPa (1 400 ℃, 0.5 h)	13	12	13	12

Addition of used brick /mass%	97	97	80	80
MgO /mass%	80	76	80	77
C /mass%	12	14	11	14
Compressive strength /MPa	60	52	60	52
Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	3.04	3.01	3.08	3.04
Apparent porosity /%	3	2	3	2
Hot modulus of rupture /MPa (1 400 ℃, 0.5 h)	13	12	13	12

Refractories	Mass percentage /%
Magnesia-carbon	18-20
Magnesia	10-15
Alumina-silicon carbide-carbon	20-25
Alumina-magnesia-carbon	4
Alumina-magnesia	10-12
Alumina-carbon	4-6
Clay	20-25
Bauxite/mullite	10

Refractories	Mass percentage /%
Magnesia-carbon	18-20
Magnesia	10-15
Alumina-silicon carbide-carbon	20-25
Alumina-magnesia-carbon	4
Alumina-magnesia	10-12
Alumina-carbon	4-6
Clay	20-25
Bauxite/mullite	10

Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

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Research and Development of Recycling Utilization of Used Refractories: A Review

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References 42

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Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

Project	1	2	3	4-1	4-2
Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	2.497	2.384	2.389	2.277	2.269
Volume expansivity /%	0	0.07	0.55	1.45	-0.90
Compressive strength /MPa	26.10	30.64	28.47	26.12	20.37

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Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6

Number	Spent MgO-C brick	Fused magnesite	Flake graphite	Bakelite	Silicon powder	Water
1	60	20	10	3.4	0.6	6
2	50	30	10	3.4	0.6	6
3	70	15	5	3.4	0.6	6
4-1	60	15	15	3.4	0.6	6
4-2	60	15	15	4.0	0	6