Recent Progress on Al2O3-C Refractories with Low/ultra-low Carbon Content:A Review

doi:10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2022.01.006

China's Refractories ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 35-44.DOI: 10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2022.01.006

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Recent Progress on Al₂O₃-C Refractories with Low/ultra-low Carbon Content:A Review

ZHAO Chenrui¹^,^*(), YAN Mingwei², LI Hongyu¹, NIU Zhiwang¹, LIANG Baoqing¹, SHANG Junli¹

1 Henan Rongjin High Temperature Materials Co., Ltd., Weihui 453100, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-04-02
Contact: ZHAO Chenrui
About author:Zhao Chenrui got his bachelor’s degree in Shaanxi University of Science and Technology in 2010, and his master’s degree in Sinosteel Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research Co., Ltd. in 2013. Now he is working in Henan Rongjin High Temperature Materials Co., Ltd., as a director of the research and development center. He is engaged in research and development of slide gate nozzle refractories and unshaped refractories for ladles, tundishes and converters. He has accumulated some experience in the design, production and application of slide gate nozzle refractories.

Abstract

Abstract:

This work intends to provide a comprehensive review on the development of Al₂O₃-C refractories with low/ultra-low carbon content. It covers three parts: carbon materials, microstructure optimization of the refractory matrix by ceramic phases, and application of metal Al as raw material. Carbon black, expanded graphite, and ultrafine microcrystalline graphite, as price-competitive carbon materials, can be chosen to prepare the low-carbon Al₂O₃-C refractories after some special treatment. Ni/Co/Fe-catalyzed phenolic resin contributes to improving the properties of the low-carbon Al₂O₃-C refractories. The performance deterioration of the low-carbon Al₂O₃-C refractories can also be improved by in-situ formed or pre-synthesized ceramic phases. Metal Al, characterized by plasticity forming, acceleration of sintering, oxidation resistance, and high reactivity, can be used as raw materials to completely replace graphite, and the prepared resin bonded Al-Al₂O₃ based refractories are one novel development direction of the ultra-low carbon Al₂O₃-C refractories.

Key words: low carbon, carbon source, alumina-carbon refractories, ceramic phases, aluminum

ZHAO Chenrui, YAN Mingwei, LI Hongyu, NIU Zhiwang, LIANG Baoqing, SHANG Junli. Recent Progress on Al₂O₃-C Refractories with Low/ultra-low Carbon Content:A Review[J]. China's Refractories, 2022, 31(1): 35-44.

Figures/Tables 7

References 73

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Temperature	Index	GN0	GN10	GN21	GN55	GN88
800 ℃	CMOR /MPa	6.61±0.29	9.64±0.01	10.15±0.16	10.37±0.01	9.33±0.19
800 ℃	E /GPa	1.64±0.01	2.29±0.01	2.09±0.01	2.19±0.07	1.77±0.04
1 000 ℃	CMOR /MPa	7.30±0.11	12.22±0.13	12.88±0.06	11.41±0.13	11.29±0.03
1 000 ℃	E /GPa	1.63±0.04	2.41±0.07	2.50±0.10	2.49±0.08	2.16±0.07
1 200 ℃	CMOR /MPa	17.16±0.23	23.25±0.28	25.60±0.08	23.29±0.17	19.51±0.28
1 200 ℃	E /GPa	2.87±0.03	3.32±0.06	3.48±0.02	3.45±0.03	3.11±0.06
1 400 ℃	CMOR /MPa	15.39±0.35	17.21±0.11	21.31±0.28	15.43±0.37	15.41±0.28
1 400 ℃	E /GPa	2.94±0.08	3.19±0.03	3.10±0.06	3.10±0.08	2.83±0.06

Temperature	Index	GN0	GN10	GN21	GN55	GN88
800 ℃	CMOR /MPa	6.61±0.29	9.64±0.01	10.15±0.16	10.37±0.01	9.33±0.19
800 ℃	E /GPa	1.64±0.01	2.29±0.01	2.09±0.01	2.19±0.07	1.77±0.04
1 000 ℃	CMOR /MPa	7.30±0.11	12.22±0.13	12.88±0.06	11.41±0.13	11.29±0.03
1 000 ℃	E /GPa	1.63±0.04	2.41±0.07	2.50±0.10	2.49±0.08	2.16±0.07
1 200 ℃	CMOR /MPa	17.16±0.23	23.25±0.28	25.60±0.08	23.29±0.17	19.51±0.28
1 200 ℃	E /GPa	2.87±0.03	3.32±0.06	3.48±0.02	3.45±0.03	3.11±0.06
1 400 ℃	CMOR /MPa	15.39±0.35	17.21±0.11	21.31±0.28	15.43±0.37	15.41±0.28
1 400 ℃	E /GPa	2.94±0.08	3.19±0.03	3.10±0.06	3.10±0.08	2.83±0.06

Temperature	Index	N0	N0.05	N0.1	N0.3	N0.5	N1
800 ℃	CMOR /MPa	4.27	5.76	4.63	4.50	4.44	3.07
800 ℃	E /MPa	1000.16	1329.41	1109.59	1045.87	1042.8	772.96
1 000 ℃	CMOR /MPa	9.09	12.08	10.66	10.08	9.94	7.77
1 000 ℃	E /MPa	1702.95	2388.14	2026.56	1958.47	1762.02	1605.1
1 200 ℃	CMOR /MPa	14.11	23.76	22.51	21.91	18.49	16.88
1 200 ℃	E /MPa	2540.91	3733.36	3596.59	3316.75	3142.68	2992.48
1 400 ℃	CMOR /MPa	9.41	14.98	10.57	9.55	9.02	8.9
1 400 ℃	E /MPa	2257.97	2606.00	2488.89	2160.18	2109.00	2038.4

Temperature	Index	N0	N0.05	N0.1	N0.3	N0.5	N1
800 ℃	CMOR /MPa	4.27	5.76	4.63	4.50	4.44	3.07
800 ℃	E /MPa	1000.16	1329.41	1109.59	1045.87	1042.8	772.96
1 000 ℃	CMOR /MPa	9.09	12.08	10.66	10.08	9.94	7.77
1 000 ℃	E /MPa	1702.95	2388.14	2026.56	1958.47	1762.02	1605.1
1 200 ℃	CMOR /MPa	14.11	23.76	22.51	21.91	18.49	16.88
1 200 ℃	E /MPa	2540.91	3733.36	3596.59	3316.75	3142.68	2992.48
1 400 ℃	CMOR /MPa	9.41	14.98	10.57	9.55	9.02	8.9
1 400 ℃	E /MPa	2257.97	2606.00	2488.89	2160.18	2109.00	2038.4

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Recent Progress on Al₂O₃-C Refractories with Low/ultra-low Carbon Content:A Review

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