Typical Refractory Wear Phenomena in Copper Vessels and Novel Monitoring Technologies
Dean GREGUREK1,*(), Katja REINHARTER1, Juergen SCHMIDL2, Christine WENZL2, Alfred SPANRING2
1 RHI Magnesita, Leoben 8700, Austria 2 RHI Magnesita, Wien 1120, Austria
Online:2021-06-15
Published:2021-06-15
Contact:
Dean GREGUREK
About author:Dean Gregurek received his MSc. degree at the University of Graz in 1995, his doctorate degree in Applied Mineralogy from the University of Leoben in 1999 and degree of assoc. Prof. in 2019. He has been Senior Mineralogist in the RHI Magnesita Technology Center Leoben, Austria since 2001. His current research interests are focused on chemical and mineralogical studies related to interactions between refractories, molten metals and slags from pyrometallurgical furnaces.
Table 1 Typical slag composition in copper smelting operations[5?-7]
Slag type
Cu /%
Fe /%
Pb /%
Zn /%
SiO2 /%
CaO /%
Al2O3 /%
η(1 200-1 250 °C )/poise
Smelting slag
0-5
38-45
0-1
1-3
28-35
2-4
3-6
2-10
PS-converting slag
3-7
40-45
1-10
0-7
20-25
0-3
1-4
1-3
Refining slag
30-40
15-25
0-2
1-3
10-15
0-2
<1
<1
Fig. 1 Photomicrograph of the immediate brick hot face taken with reflected light microscopy showing a microstructural overview of a used magnesia-chromite brick (a) and used alumina-chromia brick (b): slag coating (S), reaction zone (R), and infiltrated and corroded brick microstructure (I). Chromite precipitations (circle) after corrosion of the magnesia brick component (1). Chromite relics (2). Corroded fused alumina (3). Crack formation (arrows) ? RHI Magnesita
Fig. 1 Photomicrograph of the immediate brick hot face taken with reflected light microscopy showing a microstructural overview of a used magnesia-chromite brick (a) and used alumina-chromia brick (b): slag coating (S), reaction zone (R), and infiltrated and corroded brick microstructure (I). Chromite precipitations (circle) after corrosion of the magnesia brick component (1). Chromite relics (2). Corroded fused alumina (3). Crack formation (arrows) ? RHI Magnesita
Fig. 2 Solubility of the refractory components Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3 in iron blowing slag from PS converter operation as a function of Fe/SiO2 ratio, temperature and fixed oxygen partial pressure of pO2 = 10-8 atm
Fig. 2 Solubility of the refractory components Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3 in iron blowing slag from PS converter operation as a function of Fe/SiO2 ratio, temperature and fixed oxygen partial pressure of pO2 = 10-8 atm
Fig. 3 Solubility of the refractory components Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3 in copper blowing slag from PS converter operation at fixed Fe/SiO2 ratio of 1.5, fixed oxygen partial pressure of pO2 = 10-6 atm and as function of temperature.
Fig. 3 Solubility of the refractory components Al2O3, MgO and Cr2O3 in copper blowing slag from PS converter operation at fixed Fe/SiO2 ratio of 1.5, fixed oxygen partial pressure of pO2 = 10-6 atm and as function of temperature.
Fig. 4 Photomicrograph taken by scanning electron microscopy showing microstructural details of a used magnesia-chromite brick: corroded magnesia (1), chromite (2), Mg-sulphate (3), Ca-sulphate (4) and pore (5) ? RHI Magnesita
Fig. 4 Photomicrograph taken by scanning electron microscopy showing microstructural details of a used magnesia-chromite brick: corroded magnesia (1), chromite (2), Mg-sulphate (3), Ca-sulphate (4) and pore (5) ? RHI Magnesita
Fig. 5 Photomicrograph taken by reflected light microscopy showing the brick microstructure of a used magnesia-chromite brick, which is completely infiltrated with matte: magnesia (1), chromite (2), matte (3) ? RHI Magnesita
Fig. 5 Photomicrograph taken by reflected light microscopy showing the brick microstructure of a used magnesia-chromite brick, which is completely infiltrated with matte: magnesia (1), chromite (2), matte (3) ? RHI Magnesita
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