Review of Basic Refractories and Development History of Sinosteel Luonai Basic Refractories

doi:10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2022.01.007

China's Refractories ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 45-52.DOI: 10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2022.01.007

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Review of Basic Refractories and Development History of Sinosteel Luonai Basic Refractories

JIN Peng^*(), ZHAO Hongbo, ZHANG Lixin, CHENG Yuan, YANG Jiuling

Sinosteel Luonai Materials Technology Corporation, Luoyang 471039, China

Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-04-02
Contact: JIN Peng
About author:Jin Peng, born in 1980, received his bachelor’s degree from University of Science and Technology Liaoning, majoring in inorganic nonmetallic materials. Then he graduated from Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology with a master’s degree, majoring in materials science. Currently, he is working in Sinosteel Luonai Materials Technology Corporation (short for Sinosteel Luonai) with the research interest in basic refractories.

The importance of basic refractories during the development of steel, non-ferrous and cement industries was introduced. The process of magnesia-chrome bricks was expounded. The development history of basic refractories of Sinosteel Luonai as well as the research and application of magnesia-chrome bricks and chrome free bricks for RH vacuum refining furnaces, heavy non-ferrous smelting furnaces, and cement kilns was emphasized.

Key words: basic refractories, Sinosteel Luonai, magnesia-chrome bricks, chrome free bricks

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JIN Peng, ZHAO Hongbo, ZHANG Lixin, CHENG Yuan, YANG Jiuling. Review of Basic Refractories and Development History of Sinosteel Luonai Basic Refractories[J]. China's Refractories, 2022, 31(1): 45-52.

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URL: http://www.cnref.cn/EN/10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2022.01.007

http://www.cnref.cn/EN/Y2022/V31/I1/45

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 SEM images of silicate bonded magnesia-chrome brick

Fig. 2 SEM images of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks

Fig. 3 SEM images of rebonded magnesia-chrome refractories

Fig. 4 SEM images of semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome refractories

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of ordinary magnesia-chrome bricks

Items	MGe-8	MGe-12	MGe-16
MgO /mass%	68.5	65.1	59.6
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	8.5	12.2	16.8
Apparent porosity /%	18.3	17.2	17.2
Cold compressive strength /MPa	37	40.4	42.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 600	≥1 650	≥1 650

Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of ordinary magnesia-chrome bricks

Items	MGe-8	MGe-12	MGe-16
MgO /mass%	68.5	65.1	59.6
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	8.5	12.2	16.8
Apparent porosity /%	18.3	17.2	17.2
Cold compressive strength /MPa	37	40.4	42.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 600	≥1 650	≥1 650

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	ZMGe-8	ZMGe-16	ZMGe-18
MgO /mass%	79.5	64.2	59.8
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	8.60	16.92	18.62
SiO₂ /mass%	1.14	1.09	1.18
Apparent porosity /%	16.0	14.6	14.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	56.2	68.2	73.0
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 2 Physical and chemical properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	ZMGe-8	ZMGe-16	ZMGe-18
MgO /mass%	79.5	64.2	59.8
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	8.60	16.92	18.62
SiO₂ /mass%	1.14	1.09	1.18
Apparent porosity /%	16.0	14.6	14.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	56.2	68.2	73.0
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	BMGe-16	BMGe-18	BMGe-20
MgO /mass%	62.5	60.1	59.5
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	16.48	18.86	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.25	1.21	1.18
Apparent porosity /%	13.1	12.9	12.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	79.5	92.3	98.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 3 Physical and chemical properties of semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	BMGe-16	BMGe-18	BMGe-20
MgO /mass%	62.5	60.1	59.5
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	16.48	18.86	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.25	1.21	1.18
Apparent porosity /%	13.1	12.9	12.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	79.5	92.3	98.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 4 Physical and chemical properties of rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	DMGe-18	DMGe-20	DMGe-22
MgO /mass%	61.1	59.9	58.0
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	18.95	20.59	22.42
SiO₂ /mass%	0.93	0.92	0.92
Apparent porosity /%	12.6	12.5	12.3
Cold compressive strength /MPa	82.5	98.3	101
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 4 Physical and chemical properties of rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for RH furnaces

Items	DMGe-18	DMGe-20	DMGe-22
MgO /mass%	61.1	59.9	58.0
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	18.95	20.59	22.42
SiO₂ /mass%	0.93	0.92	0.92
Apparent porosity /%	12.6	12.5	12.3
Cold compressive strength /MPa	82.5	98.3	101
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 5 Properties of metal composite anti-penetration microporous magnesia spinel bricks

Items	MS95-RH	MS93-RH
Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	≥3.05	≥3.05
Cold compressive strength /MPa	≥80	≥55
Hot modulus of rupture (1 450 ℃×1 h) /MPa	≥8	≥4
Apparent porosity /%	≤12	≤14
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles	≥5	≥8
Permanent linear change rate after heating (1 600 ℃×3 h) /%	+0.3-+1.1	+0.3-+1.1
( Al₂O₃+MgO) /mass%	≥95	≥93
T.C /mass%	≤1	≤0.8

Table 5 Properties of metal composite anti-penetration microporous magnesia spinel bricks

Items	MS95-RH	MS93-RH
Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	≥3.05	≥3.05
Cold compressive strength /MPa	≥80	≥55
Hot modulus of rupture (1 450 ℃×1 h) /MPa	≥8	≥4
Apparent porosity /%	≤12	≤14
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles	≥5	≥8
Permanent linear change rate after heating (1 600 ℃×3 h) /%	+0.3-+1.1	+0.3-+1.1
( Al₂O₃+MgO) /mass%	≥95	≥93
T.C /mass%	≤1	≤0.8

Table 6 Physical and chemical properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	ZMGe-12	ZMGe-16	ZMGe-18	ZMGe-20
MgO /mass%	68.5	60.1	55.8	54.2
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	12.39	16.55	19.02	21.30
SiO₂ /mass%	1.60	1.52	1.34	1.34
Apparent porosity /%	15.8	15.8	15.3	14.5
Cold compressive strength /MPa	62	52	54	50
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles		≥5	≥5	≥5

Table 6 Physical and chemical properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	ZMGe-12	ZMGe-16	ZMGe-18	ZMGe-20
MgO /mass%	68.5	60.1	55.8	54.2
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	12.39	16.55	19.02	21.30
SiO₂ /mass%	1.60	1.52	1.34	1.34
Apparent porosity /%	15.8	15.8	15.3	14.5
Cold compressive strength /MPa	62	52	54	50
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles		≥5	≥5	≥5

Table 7 Physical and chemical properties of semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	BMGe-12	BMGe-16	BMGe-18	BMGe-20
MgO /mass%	67.3	62.5	59.1	56.6
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	12.47	16.22	18.95	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.62	1.66	1.64	1.69
Apparent porosity /%	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.5
Cold compressive strength /MPa	63.5	76.5	79.6	88.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 7 Physical and chemical properties of semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	BMGe-12	BMGe-16	BMGe-18	BMGe-20
MgO /mass%	67.3	62.5	59.1	56.6
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	12.47	16.22	18.95	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.62	1.66	1.64	1.69
Apparent porosity /%	14.2	14.1	14.2	14.5
Cold compressive strength /MPa	63.5	76.5	79.6	88.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 8 Physical and chemical properties of fused rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	DMGe-16	DMGe-18	DMGe-20
MgO /mass%	60.5	59.1	58.9
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	16.22	18.95	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.71	1.77	1.78
Apparent porosity /%	14.2	13.9	13.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	76.5	89.5	90.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 8 Physical and chemical properties of fused rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks for non-ferrous industry

Items	DMGe-16	DMGe-18	DMGe-20
MgO /mass%	60.5	59.1	58.9
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	16.22	18.95	20.45
SiO₂ /mass%	1.71	1.77	1.78
Apparent porosity /%	14.2	13.9	13.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	76.5	89.5	90.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 9 Properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for cement kilns

Items	LZMGe-8A	LZMGe-8B	LZMGe-12
MgO /mass%	80.2	75.4	70.1
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	9.00	8.73	12.32
SiO₂ /mass%	1.13	2.18	1.32
Apparent porosity /%	16.8	17.0	16.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	55.4	66.4	56.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 9 Properties of direct bonded magnesia-chrome bricks for cement kilns

Items	LZMGe-8A	LZMGe-8B	LZMGe-12
MgO /mass%	80.2	75.4	70.1
Cr₂O₃ /mass%	9.00	8.73	12.32
SiO₂ /mass%	1.13	2.18	1.32
Apparent porosity /%	16.8	17.0	16.8
Cold compressive strength /MPa	55.4	66.4	56.3
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 700	≥1 700

Table 10 Properties of magnesium aluminate spinel bricks for cement kilns

Items	LMLJ-І	LMLJ-І І
MgO /mass%	85.2	81.2
Al₂O₃ /mass%	10.2	10.4
Apparent porosity /%	15.4	15.9
Cold compressive strength /MPa	71.6	70.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 680
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles	≥12	≥12

Table 10 Properties of magnesium aluminate spinel bricks for cement kilns

Items	LMLJ-І	LMLJ-І І
MgO /mass%	85.2	81.2
Al₂O₃ /mass%	10.2	10.4
Apparent porosity /%	15.4	15.9
Cold compressive strength /MPa	71.6	70.2
Refractoriness under load (0.2 MPa) /℃	≥1 700	≥1 680
Thermal shock resistance (1 100 ℃, water quenching) /cycles	≥12	≥12

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