Effect of Reinforcement and Copper Chill on LM13/ZrSiO4/C Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCS)—An Experimental and Statistical Analysis

doi:10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2021.04.003

China's Refractories ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (4): 12-18.DOI: 10.19691/j.cnki.1004-4493.2021.04.003

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Effect of Reinforcement and Copper Chill on LM13/ZrSiO₄/C Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCS)—An Experimental and Statistical Analysis

Yellampalli Prakash RAVITEJ¹, Chikkamaranahalli Boganarasimhaiah MOHAN², Maravanji Gangadharaiah ANANTHAPRASAD³

1) Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan 045000, China
2) School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710043, China

Online:2021-12-15 Published:2021-12-10
About author:Mr. Ravitej Y P is pursuing his Ph.D in Material Science and obtained his M. Tech in Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology and BE in Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology. He carried out his internship and project at National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore. He has more than six years of teaching and research experience. His research interests are on composites, simulation studies, grain refinement studies and contact stresses in gears of automobiles.

Abstract

Abstract:

Composites place a vital role in the applications of material science, i.e. aerospace, automobile, marine, etc. Dual reinforcement composites are a trending research area in the field of metal matrix composites. In this research article dual reinforcement, i.e. zirconium silicate (ZrSiO₄) and carbon, is added to molten LM13 using the stir casting process in terms of (as cast), (3+3) mass%, (6+3) mass%, (9+3) mass% and (12+3) mass% respectively, using copper as a chill kept toward one end. The tensile, the hardness, and the microstructure of the composite specimens at the chill end and non chill end are studied. Experimental results are compared with analytical results and tabulated. It is found an increase in reinforcement and chilling effect enhances the properties of the composite. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the hardness increase gradually with the increase in ZrSiO₄addition. The maximum UTS, the hardness and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) for mechanical characterizations are evaluated using Taguchi method. It is found that 9 mass% of ZrSiO₄ yields better results than the other combinations. Results are tabulated and compared using statistical tools. Microscopic studies reveal the uniform distribution of matrix and reinforcements with negligible agglomeration.

Key words: dual reinforcement, copper chill, stir casting, tensile strength

Yellampalli Prakash RAVITEJ, Chikkamaranahalli Boganarasimhaiah MOHAN, Maravanji Gangadharaiah ANANTHAPRASAD. Effect of Reinforcement and Copper Chill on LM13/ZrSiO₄/C Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCS)—An Experimental and Statistical Analysis[J]. China's Refractories, 2021, 30(4): 12-18.

Figures/Tables 18

References 15

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Composition	mass%
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂)	64.80
Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)	32.50
Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃)	0.70
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂)	0.15
Alumina (Al₂O₃)	1.20

Composition	mass%
Zirconium dioxide (ZrO₂)	64.80
Silicon dioxide (SiO₂)	32.50
Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃)	0.70
Titanium dioxide (TiO₂)	0.15
Alumina (Al₂O₃)	1.20

Properties of ZrSiO₄	Values	Properties of carbon	Values
Melting point /ºC	2 500	Atomic number	6
Limit of application /ºC	1 870	Molecular weight /(g · mol^-1)	12.011
Mohr’s hardness	7.5	Apparent density /(g · cm^-3)	2.25
Density /(g · cm^-3)	4.50-4.70	Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	3
Linear expansion coefficient /(μm · m^-1· ºC^-1)	4.5	Melting point /ºC	3 600
Fracture toughness /MPa	5	Boiling point /ºC	4 200
Crystal structure	Tetragonal	Surface area /(m³ · g^-1)	7.2

Properties of ZrSiO₄	Values	Properties of carbon	Values
Melting point /ºC	2 500	Atomic number	6
Limit of application /ºC	1 870	Molecular weight /(g · mol^-1)	12.011
Mohr’s hardness	7.5	Apparent density /(g · cm^-3)	2.25
Density /(g · cm^-3)	4.50-4.70	Bulk density /(g · cm^-3)	3
Linear expansion coefficient /(μm · m^-1· ºC^-1)	4.5	Melting point /ºC	3 600
Fracture toughness /MPa	5	Boiling point /ºC	4 200
Crystal structure	Tetragonal	Surface area /(m³ · g^-1)	7.2

Composition	mass%
Si	11.8
Cu	1.2
Mg	0.9
Ni	0.9
Fe	0.3
Zn	0.2
Ti	0.02
Pb	0.02
Sn	0.005
Mn	0.4
Al	Balance

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Effect of Reinforcement and Copper Chill on LM13/ZrSiO₄/C Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMCS)—An Experimental and Statistical Analysis

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Figures/Tables 18

References 15

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Specimen number	Copper chill	LM13	ZrSiO₄		Carbon
1	Copper chill end	2 600 g (As cast)	0	0	0	0
2	Copper chill end	3 080 g	3 mass%	92.4 g	3 mass%	92.4 g
3	Copper chill end	3 084 g	6 mass%	184.5 g	3 mass%	92.52 g
4	Copper chill end	3 104 g	9 mass%	279.36 g	3 mass%	93.12 g
5	Copper chill end	3 324 g	12 mass%	398.88 g	3 mass%	99.72 g
6	Copper non chill end	2 600 g (As cast)	0	0	0	0
7	Copper non chill end	3 080 g	3 mass%	92.4 g	3 mass%	92.4 g
8	Copper non chill end	3 084 g	6 mass%	184.5 g	3 mass%	92.52 g
9	Copper non chill end	3 104 g	9 mass%	279.36 g	3 mass%	93.12 g
10	Copper non chill end	3 324 g	12 mass%	398.88 g	3 mass%	99.73 g

Material of the chill	Density /(g · cm^-3)	Specific heat / (J · kg^-1 · K^-1)	Thermal conductivity / (W · m^-1 · K^-1)	Volumetric heat capacity for 25 mm chill /(J · K^-1)
Copper	8. 961	0. 449	380	597. 1
Steel	7. 850	0. 422	52	491. 51
Cast iron	7. 62	0. 402	40	453. 91
Silicon carbide	2. 37	1. 096	120	384. 31

Specimen No.	Specimen diameter /mm	Initial gauge length /mm	Initial cross sectional area /mm²	Final gauge length /mm	Load at peak /kN	Percent elongation /%	Density / (kg · m^-3)
1	8.99	45	63.48	45.78	104.33	1.58	2 460.03
2	8.98	45	63.33	45.33	119.60	0.73	2 498.25
3	9.00	45	63.62	45.21	124.50	0.71	2 769.88
4	8.96	45	63.05	45.43	145.35	0.96	2 777.54
5	9.02	45	63.90	46.10	134.60	2.50	2 665.33
6	9.09	45	63.49	45.88	101.20	1.47	1 084.02
7	8.88	45	63.45	45.45	101.50	0.69	1 685.21
8	9.40	45	63.95	45.66	103.70	0.68	1 888.84
9	8.66	45	63.15	45.22	121.50	0.87	2 552.52
10	9.82	45	63.45	46.30	107.90	2.41	2 125.31

Specimen No.	UTS numerical /MPa	UTS experimental /MPa	UTS difference /MPa	UTS S/N ratio /dB	Hardness S/N ratio /dB	Density S/N ratio /dB	BHN
1	164.36	165.26	0.90	44.31	44.4	67.82	178.52
2	188.86	189.65	0.79	45.52	45.6	67.95	188.43
3	195.70	196.69	0.99	45.83	45.8	68.85	197.73
4	230.54	232.30	1.76	47.25	47.3	68.87	255.9
5	210.65	212.00	1.35	46.47	46.6	68.52	220.9
6	159.44	161.32	1.88	44.15	45.0	60.70	164.08
7	160.00	162.98	2.98	44.24	45.6	64.53	172.3
8	162.20	163.45	1.25	44.27	45.9	65.52	182.09
9	192.54	194.02	1.48	45.76	48.2	68.14	204.35
10	170.20	172.05	1.85	44.15	47.2	66.55	195.43

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